Tools & Wizards About Us
unitymix.com screenshot

Report Summary

  • 4

    Performance

    Renders faster than
    20% of other websites

  • 79

    Accessibility

    Visual factors better than
    that of 47% of websites

  • 50

    Best Practices

    More advanced features
    available than in
    19% of websites

  • 86

    SEO

    Google-friendlier than
    60% of websites

unitymix.com

The Networking Platform for all

Page Load Speed

3.5 sec in total

First Response

27 ms

Resources Loaded

3.2 sec

Page Rendered

248 ms

unitymix.com screenshot

About Website

Click here to check amazing Unitymix content for India. Otherwise, check out these important facts you probably never knew about unitymix.com

Join Unitymix®, a social networking platform where you can connect, share posts, create contents, and build and engage with your professional network in a safe and inclusive online community.

Visit unitymix.com

Key Findings

We analyzed Unitymix.com page load time and found that the first response time was 27 ms and then it took 3.5 sec to load all DOM resources and completely render a web page. This is a poor result, as 60% of websites can load faster.

Performance Metrics

unitymix.com performance score

4

Measured Metrics

name

value

score

weighting

FCP (First Contentful Paint)

Value9.1 s

0/100

10%

LCP (Largest Contentful Paint)

Value41.1 s

0/100

25%

SI (Speed Index)

Value21.7 s

0/100

10%

TBT (Total Blocking Time)

Value5,870 ms

0/100

30%

CLS (Cumulative Layout Shift)

Value0.385

27/100

15%

TTI (Time to Interactive)

Value41.9 s

0/100

10%

Network Requests Diagram

unitymix.com

27 ms

unitymix.com

40 ms

www.unitymix.com

275 ms

general-style-plugins.css

29 ms

twilio-video.min.js

77 ms

Our browser made a total of 235 requests to load all elements on the main page. We found that 22% of them (52 requests) were addressed to the original Unitymix.com, 10% (23 requests) were made to Router.infolinks.com and 6% (13 requests) were made to Fonts.gstatic.com. The less responsive or slowest element that took the longest time to load (779 ms) relates to the external source Googleads.g.doubleclick.net.

Page Optimization Overview & Recommendations

Page size can be reduced by 1.1 MB (30%)

Content Size

3.8 MB

After Optimization

2.7 MB

  • HTML
  • Images
  • JavaScript
  • CSS

In fact, the total size of Unitymix.com main page is 3.8 MB. This result falls beyond the top 1M of websites and identifies a large and not optimized web page that may take ages to load. Only a small number of websites need less resources to load. Javascripts take 3.2 MB which makes up the majority of the site volume.

HTML Optimization

-79%

Potential reduce by 184.8 kB

  • Original 234.6 kB
  • After minification 217.2 kB
  • After compression 49.7 kB

HTML content can be minified and compressed by a website’s server. The most efficient way is to compress content using GZIP which reduces data amount travelling through the network between server and browser. HTML code on this page is well minified. It is highly recommended that content of this web page should be compressed using GZIP, as it can save up to 184.8 kB or 79% of the original size.

Image Optimization

-6%

Potential reduce by 8.7 kB

  • Original 142.9 kB
  • After minification 134.2 kB

Image size optimization can help to speed up a website loading time. The chart above shows the difference between the size before and after optimization. Unitymix images are well optimized though.

JavaScript Optimization

-25%

Potential reduce by 820.0 kB

  • Original 3.2 MB
  • After minification 3.2 MB
  • After compression 2.4 MB

It’s better to minify JavaScript in order to improve website performance. The diagram shows the current total size of all JavaScript files against the prospective JavaScript size after its minification and compression. It is highly recommended that all JavaScript files should be compressed and minified as it can save up to 820.0 kB or 25% of the original size.

CSS Optimization

-61%

Potential reduce by 120.8 kB

  • Original 197.8 kB
  • After minification 79.6 kB
  • After compression 77.0 kB

CSS files minification is very important to reduce a web page rendering time. The faster CSS files can load, the earlier a page can be rendered. Unitymix.com needs all CSS files to be minified and compressed as it can save up to 120.8 kB or 61% of the original size.

Requests Breakdown

Number of requests can be reduced by 141 (73%)

Requests Now

192

After Optimization

51

  • AJAX
  • Images
  • JavaScript
  • CSS

The browser has sent 192 CSS, Javascripts, AJAX and image requests in order to completely render the main page of Unitymix. We recommend that multiple CSS and JavaScript files should be merged into one by each type, as it can help reduce assets requests from 61 to 1 for JavaScripts and from 14 to 1 for CSS and as a result speed up the page load time.

Network Requests Diagram

unitymix.com

unitymix.com

27 ms

unitymix.com

unitymix.com

40 ms

www.unitymix.com

www.unitymix.com

275 ms

general-style-plugins.css

general-style-plugins.css

29 ms

twilio-video.min.js

twilio-video.min.js

77 ms

style.css

style.css

73 ms

font-awesome.min.css

font-awesome.min.css

56 ms

css2

css2

63 ms

jquery-3.1.1.min.js

jquery-3.1.1.min.js

70 ms

jquery.ui.touch-punch.min.js

jquery.ui.touch-punch.min.js

56 ms

bootstrap-select.min.css

bootstrap-select.min.css

55 ms

bootstrap-select.min.js

bootstrap-select.min.js

66 ms

leaflet.css

leaflet.css

65 ms

leaflet.js

leaflet.js

74 ms

style.movies.css

style.movies.css

75 ms

fluidplayer.min.css

fluidplayer.min.css

75 ms

fluidplayer.min.js

fluidplayer.min.js

117 ms

plyr.css

plyr.css

118 ms

plyr.js

plyr.js

119 ms

html2pdf.bundle.js

html2pdf.bundle.js

127 ms

qrcode.js

qrcode.js

119 ms

js

js

170 ms

client

client

121 ms

agora.js

agora.js

121 ms

hls.js

hls.js

120 ms

sdk.js

sdk.js

119 ms

socket.io.js

socket.io.js

121 ms

bootstrap-tagsinput.js

bootstrap-tagsinput.js

121 ms

flickity.pkgd.min.js

flickity.pkgd.min.js

122 ms

green-audio-player.css

green-audio-player.css

122 ms

green-audio-player.js

green-audio-player.js

122 ms

flatpickr.min.css

flatpickr.min.css

123 ms

flatpickr.js

flatpickr.js

122 ms

circle-progress.min.js

circle-progress.min.js

124 ms

adsbygoogle.js

adsbygoogle.js

328 ms

api.js

api.js

112 ms

welcome.js

welcome.js

120 ms

script.js

script.js

121 ms

infolinks_main.js

infolinks_main.js

112 ms

css2

css2

35 ms

css

css

17 ms

sdk.js

sdk.js

133 ms

reb2b.js.gz

reb2b.js.gz

379 ms

logo.png

logo.png

113 ms

d-avatar.jpg

d-avatar.jpg

105 ms

d-cover.jpg

d-cover.jpg

105 ms

rFTtCiWVCvzsRCMVtEcX_23_765a17c96bcd065f7af10ae402369941_avatar.jpg

rFTtCiWVCvzsRCMVtEcX_23_765a17c96bcd065f7af10ae402369941_avatar.jpg

104 ms

nwCvJxQ2U9lIS5SmsW1y_07_de92e985acfa521ecc9df0616c5e7e18_avatar.gif

nwCvJxQ2U9lIS5SmsW1y_07_de92e985acfa521ecc9df0616c5e7e18_avatar.gif

105 ms

WoIVYJmN67wC54HnJFN9_18_85e3edc6a9903e17a88455d7915878d5_avatar.png

WoIVYJmN67wC54HnJFN9_18_85e3edc6a9903e17a88455d7915878d5_avatar.png

105 ms

6c6cA2QuRD8wkE5WrQbp_10_07d82d36b9ea1518ca4c9c80ed00b08f_avatar.png

6c6cA2QuRD8wkE5WrQbp_10_07d82d36b9ea1518ca4c9c80ed00b08f_avatar.png

148 ms

ECC5GvPwDrIrn1XjTZum_22_1cf80184885215cdfbaf4bc590ed4aec_avatar.png

ECC5GvPwDrIrn1XjTZum_22_1cf80184885215cdfbaf4bc590ed4aec_avatar.png

148 ms

corStQw2AsfM7A7uTOjt_26_ad63bfaf7cf9c32d2eb37d6559a88598_avatar.jpg

corStQw2AsfM7A7uTOjt_26_ad63bfaf7cf9c32d2eb37d6559a88598_avatar.jpg

148 ms

BDwZo8GE9IgDTwBn3kDl_18_141b957ec06ffe4d5cfe197c09c79be3_avatar.jpg

BDwZo8GE9IgDTwBn3kDl_18_141b957ec06ffe4d5cfe197c09c79be3_avatar.jpg

148 ms

7OUu7xOo1pVJLAsHlEoZ_03_7317cfc941eb0874d193115b5fca0b06_avatar.png

7OUu7xOo1pVJLAsHlEoZ_03_7317cfc941eb0874d193115b5fca0b06_avatar.png

147 ms

ALjtQ4cLDYVndMn3t6Ql_23_68110927061fe7b77b94eccd4983c708_image_small.png

ALjtQ4cLDYVndMn3t6Ql_23_68110927061fe7b77b94eccd4983c708_image_small.png

148 ms

EAufYfaIkYQEsYzwvZha_01_4bafb7db09656e1ecb54d195b26be5c3_file.svg

EAufYfaIkYQEsYzwvZha_01_4bafb7db09656e1ecb54d195b26be5c3_file.svg

154 ms

2MRRkhb7rDhUNuClfOfc_01_76c3c700064cfaef049d0bb983655cd4_file.svg

2MRRkhb7rDhUNuClfOfc_01_76c3c700064cfaef049d0bb983655cd4_file.svg

150 ms

D91CP5YFfv74GVAbYtT7_01_288940ae12acf0198d590acbf11efae0_file.svg

D91CP5YFfv74GVAbYtT7_01_288940ae12acf0198d590acbf11efae0_file.svg

148 ms

cFNOXZB1XeWRSdXXEdlx_01_7d9c4adcbe750bfc8e864c69cbed3daf_file.svg

cFNOXZB1XeWRSdXXEdlx_01_7d9c4adcbe750bfc8e864c69cbed3daf_file.svg

152 ms

yKmDaNA7DpA7RkCRdoM6_01_eb391ca40102606b78fef1eb70ce3c0f_file.svg

yKmDaNA7DpA7RkCRdoM6_01_eb391ca40102606b78fef1eb70ce3c0f_file.svg

153 ms

iZcVfFlay3gkABhEhtVC_01_771d67d0b8ae8720f7775be3a0cfb51a_file.svg

iZcVfFlay3gkABhEhtVC_01_771d67d0b8ae8720f7775be3a0cfb51a_file.svg

151 ms

pxiEyp8kv8JHgFVrFJA.ttf

pxiEyp8kv8JHgFVrFJA.ttf

117 ms

pxiByp8kv8JHgFVrLGT9V1s.ttf

pxiByp8kv8JHgFVrLGT9V1s.ttf

151 ms

pxiByp8kv8JHgFVrLDz8V1s.ttf

pxiByp8kv8JHgFVrLDz8V1s.ttf

173 ms

pxiByp8kv8JHgFVrLEj6V1s.ttf

pxiByp8kv8JHgFVrLEj6V1s.ttf

173 ms

xn7_YHE41ni1AdIRqAuZuw1Bx9mbZk79FO_F.ttf

xn7_YHE41ni1AdIRqAuZuw1Bx9mbZk79FO_F.ttf

172 ms

xn7_YHE41ni1AdIRqAuZuw1Bx9mbZk7PFO_F.ttf

xn7_YHE41ni1AdIRqAuZuw1Bx9mbZk7PFO_F.ttf

229 ms

xn7_YHE41ni1AdIRqAuZuw1Bx9mbZk6jFO_F.ttf

xn7_YHE41ni1AdIRqAuZuw1Bx9mbZk6jFO_F.ttf

173 ms

xn7_YHE41ni1AdIRqAuZuw1Bx9mbZk59FO_F.ttf

xn7_YHE41ni1AdIRqAuZuw1Bx9mbZk59FO_F.ttf

291 ms

xn7_YHE41ni1AdIRqAuZuw1Bx9mbZk4jE-_F.ttf

xn7_YHE41ni1AdIRqAuZuw1Bx9mbZk4jE-_F.ttf

201 ms

xn7_YHE41ni1AdIRqAuZuw1Bx9mbZk4aE-_F.ttf

xn7_YHE41ni1AdIRqAuZuw1Bx9mbZk4aE-_F.ttf

201 ms

xn7_YHE41ni1AdIRqAuZuw1Bx9mbZk59E-_F.ttf

xn7_YHE41ni1AdIRqAuZuw1Bx9mbZk59E-_F.ttf

173 ms

show_ads_impl.js

show_ads_impl.js

541 ms

126 ms

recaptcha__en.js

recaptcha__en.js

80 ms

ice.js

ice.js

69 ms

lcmanage

lcmanage

49 ms

gsd

gsd

52 ms

manage

manage

70 ms

iqusync-1.29.min.js

iqusync-1.29.min.js

21 ms

doq.htm

doq.htm

352 ms

iquid-01.js

iquid-01.js

36 ms

ima.js

ima.js

179 ms

id5.js

id5.js

127 ms

ppid.js

ppid.js

177 ms

did-004d.min.js

did-004d.min.js

178 ms

409 ms

ProfilesEngineServlet

ProfilesEngineServlet

388 ms

ProfilesEngineServlet

ProfilesEngineServlet

388 ms

v1

v1

687 ms

iqm-us

iqm-us

206 ms

any

any

333 ms

zrt_lookup.html

zrt_lookup.html

254 ms

ads

ads

405 ms

ads

ads

596 ms

ads

ads

779 ms

ImgSync

ImgSync

89 ms

ImgSync

ImgSync

80 ms

qc-usync

qc-usync

95 ms

in_search.js

in_search.js

105 ms

ima3.js

ima3.js

224 ms

pbice.js

pbice.js

105 ms

sonobi-usync

sonobi-usync

84 ms

eqv-us

eqv-us

84 ms

container-4.0.html

container-4.0.html

129 ms

sthr-us

sthr-us

131 ms

0

0

287 ms

frwh-us

frwh-us

93 ms

usermatch

usermatch

92 ms

ProfilesEngineServlet

ProfilesEngineServlet

90 ms

mgid-us

mgid-us

83 ms

394 ms

33a-usync

33a-usync

85 ms

sovrn-usync

sovrn-usync

130 ms

tplift

tplift

128 ms

apn-usync

apn-usync

117 ms

getads.htm

getads.htm

399 ms

ox-usync

ox-usync

80 ms

imd-usync

imd-usync

79 ms

mnet-usync

mnet-usync

214 ms

i.match

i.match

329 ms

ix-usync

ix-usync

210 ms

pixel

pixel

210 ms

outh-usync

outh-usync

157 ms

zeta-usync

zeta-usync

153 ms

zmn-usync

zmn-usync

148 ms

vidice.js

vidice.js

202 ms

pixel

pixel

199 ms

pixel

pixel

197 ms

casale

casale

78 ms

ca-pub-9404163758446120

ca-pub-9404163758446120

284 ms

pixel

pixel

161 ms

pixel

pixel

160 ms

crum

crum

156 ms

rum

rum

169 ms

i.match

i.match

292 ms

RX-78c4f763-63d4-4bb5-b88e-1288f1df9311-005

RX-78c4f763-63d4-4bb5-b88e-1288f1df9311-005

77 ms

usermatchredir

usermatchredir

70 ms

crum

crum

64 ms

pixel

pixel

186 ms

dv3.js

dv3.js

207 ms

gen_204

gen_204

201 ms

disus

disus

82 ms

ur-usync

ur-usync

73 ms

generic

generic

8 ms

getuid

getuid

50 ms

ImgSync

ImgSync

32 ms

ImgSync

ImgSync

30 ms

receive

receive

51 ms

user_sync.html

user_sync.html

157 ms

match

match

162 ms

usync.html

usync.html

184 ms

ads

ads

369 ms

ads

ads

325 ms

match

match

99 ms

cs

cs

18 ms

pixel

pixel

53 ms

81023225b0f193d07d052e50ea38e692.js

81023225b0f193d07d052e50ea38e692.js

32 ms

load_preloaded_resource.js

load_preloaded_resource.js

94 ms

9fe8b22c2539940296c5f72a286520e3.js

9fe8b22c2539940296c5f72a286520e3.js

61 ms

abg_lite.js

abg_lite.js

121 ms

window_focus.js

window_focus.js

138 ms

qs_click_protection.js

qs_click_protection.js

158 ms

ufs_web_display.js

ufs_web_display.js

46 ms

e92e9b19fdbae9b3a3ef41360efccaf5.js

e92e9b19fdbae9b3a3ef41360efccaf5.js

75 ms

crum

crum

46 ms

ad

ad

76 ms

cs

cs

20 ms

rum

rum

54 ms

rum

rum

108 ms

icon.png

icon.png

63 ms

pixel

pixel

34 ms

35759

35759

60 ms

match

match

35 ms

PugMaster

PugMaster

79 ms

s

s

37 ms

rum

rum

35 ms

usync.js

usync.js

16 ms

express_html_inpage_rendering_lib_200_279.js

express_html_inpage_rendering_lib_200_279.js

190 ms

omrhp.js

omrhp.js

39 ms

icon.png

icon.png

34 ms

abg_lite.js

abg_lite.js

34 ms

Q12zgMmT.js

Q12zgMmT.js

162 ms

showad.js

showad.js

18 ms

j

j

254 ms

FZt5psomz79DGe~O1V5PkX7S8-NVJIdw0INR-k~Duu9c36GyIDyElf4y8fa2~-9InNSq4BCadyu-8tQSiIkaVleT~Yh8GI4ocNSeo4~API4DJEsYNIMg2sPMMXvjcckTUFy53ZYw3gzv35jSAchydRkSr2XFgqe-kzzlKTlv1VT7-TlAc0PcX7nFzbKlHypwbpU3AWUAJgUx%2036123858-FF51-4E2A-B651-DA8B9BE899CA&rnd=RND

FZt5psomz79DGe~O1V5PkX7S8-NVJIdw0INR-k~Duu9c36GyIDyElf4y8fa2~-9InNSq4BCadyu-8tQSiIkaVleT~Yh8GI4ocNSeo4~API4DJEsYNIMg2sPMMXvjcckTUFy53ZYw3gzv35jSAchydRkSr2XFgqe-kzzlKTlv1VT7-TlAc0PcX7nFzbKlHypwbpU3AWUAJgUx%2036123858-FF51-4E2A-B651-DA8B9BE899CA&rnd=RND

400 ms

xuid

xuid

145 ms

36123858-FF51-4E2A-B651-DA8B9BE899CA

36123858-FF51-4E2A-B651-DA8B9BE899CA

398 ms

sn.ashx

sn.ashx

451 ms

sync

sync

448 ms

i.match

i.match

229 ms

usersync.aspx

usersync.aspx

428 ms

match

match

160 ms

css

css

110 ms

62bHydCX.html

62bHydCX.html

110 ms

user_sync.html

user_sync.html

105 ms

sync

sync

385 ms

Pug

Pug

355 ms

Pug

Pug

176 ms

Pug

Pug

175 ms

Pug

Pug

332 ms

Pug

Pug

331 ms

Pug

Pug

225 ms

sync

sync

308 ms

match

match

122 ms

4Ua_rENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RFD48TE63OOYKtrw2IJllpyw.ttf

4Ua_rENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RFD48TE63OOYKtrw2IJllpyw.ttf

135 ms

4Ua_rENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RFD48TE63OOYKtrwEIJllpyw.ttf

4Ua_rENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RFD48TE63OOYKtrwEIJllpyw.ttf

133 ms

Pug

Pug

162 ms

display_mfrm_brand-whymfrm_FY24-Q3-LPG_en_ani_728x90.html

display_mfrm_brand-whymfrm_FY24-Q3-LPG_en_ani_728x90.html

119 ms

v1

v1

327 ms

pixel.gif

pixel.gif

328 ms

ttep1hf2xTKPY5HV4abLvqDFRXZuZQmhABAIUKmOBs4.js

ttep1hf2xTKPY5HV4abLvqDFRXZuZQmhABAIUKmOBs4.js

60 ms

createjs.min.js

createjs.min.js

241 ms

display_mfrm_brand-whymfrm_FY24-Q3-LPG_en_ani_728x90.js

display_mfrm_brand-whymfrm_FY24-Q3-LPG_en_ani_728x90.js

102 ms

b9pj45k4

b9pj45k4

113 ms

dcm

dcm

141 ms

Pug

Pug

101 ms

Pug

Pug

145 ms

Pug

Pug

120 ms

Pug

Pug

72 ms

Pug

Pug

144 ms

Pug

Pug

122 ms

Pug

Pug

95 ms

Pug

Pug

60 ms

activeview

activeview

129 ms

sn.ashx

sn.ashx

45 ms

_300x600_WhyMFRM.jpg

_300x600_WhyMFRM.jpg

94 ms

Pug

Pug

84 ms

pixel

pixel

82 ms

Path.png

Path.png

9 ms

Pug

Pug

13 ms

SE_B_Silo_Customer.png

SE_B_Silo_Customer.png

5 ms

SE_B_Silo_Solo.png

SE_B_Silo_Solo.png

4 ms

sync

sync

58 ms

pbmtc.gif

pbmtc.gif

18 ms

Accessibility Review

unitymix.com accessibility score

79

Accessibility Issues

Contrast

These are opportunities to improve the legibility of your content.

Impact

Issue

High

Background and foreground colors do not have a sufficient contrast ratio.

Navigation

These are opportunities to improve keyboard navigation in your application.

Impact

Issue

High

[id] attributes on active, focusable elements are not unique

High

Heading elements are not in a sequentially-descending order

Names and labels

These are opportunities to improve the semantics of the controls in your application. This may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.

Impact

Issue

High

<frame> or <iframe> elements do not have a title

High

Links do not have a discernible name

Tables and lists

These are opportunities to improve the experience of reading tabular or list data using assistive technology, like a screen reader.

Impact

Issue

High

Lists do not contain only <li> elements and script supporting elements (<script> and <template>).

High

List items (<li>) are not contained within <ul> or <ol> parent elements.

Best practices

These items highlight common accessibility best practices.

Impact

Issue

High

[user-scalable="no"] is used in the <meta name="viewport"> element or the [maximum-scale] attribute is less than 5.

Best Practices

unitymix.com best practices score

50

Areas of Improvement

Trust and Safety

Impact

Issue

High

Does not use HTTPS

High

Requests the notification permission on page load

High

Includes front-end JavaScript libraries with known security vulnerabilities

Low

Ensure CSP is effective against XSS attacks

User Experience

Impact

Issue

High

Displays images with incorrect aspect ratio

High

Serves images with low resolution

General

Impact

Issue

Low

Detected JavaScript libraries

High

Browser errors were logged to the console

High

Missing source maps for large first-party JavaScript

SEO Factors

unitymix.com SEO score

86

Search Engine Optimization Advices

Crawling and Indexing

To appear in search results, crawlers need access to your app.

Impact

Issue

High

Links are not crawlable

Content Best Practices

Format your HTML in a way that enables crawlers to better understand your app’s content.

Impact

Issue

High

Document doesn't have a valid hreflang

Mobile Friendly

Make sure your pages are mobile friendly so users don’t have to pinch or zoom in order to read the content pages. [Learn more](https://developers.google.com/search/mobile-sites/).

Impact

Issue

High

Document uses legible font sizes

Language and Encoding

  • Language Detected

    EN

  • Language Claimed

    EN

  • Encoding

    UTF-8

Language claimed in HTML meta tag should match the language actually used on the web page. Otherwise Unitymix.com can be misinterpreted by Google and other search engines. Our service has detected that English is used on the page, and it matches the claimed language. Our system also found out that Unitymix.com main page’s claimed encoding is utf-8. Use of this encoding format is the best practice as the main page visitors from all over the world won’t have any issues with symbol transcription.

Social Sharing Optimization

unitymix.com

Open Graph description is not detected on the main page of Unitymix. Lack of Open Graph description can be counter-productive for their social media presence, as such a description allows converting a website homepage (or other pages) into good-looking, rich and well-structured posts, when it is being shared on Facebook and other social media. For example, adding the following code snippet into HTML <head> tag will help to represent this web page correctly in social networks: